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Rotating disk electrode method, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, chronoamperometry, cyclic voltammetry and in situ STM and AFM methods will be applied to study the influence of the Sb, Bi and Cd electrode surface structure on the heterogeneous charge transfer kinetics in various aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. The new theoretical model, taking into account the potential drop in the thin surface layer of the electrode, as well as the modern model for the inner part of the electrical double layer, in which the dependence of the closest approach of ions on the total concentration of electrolyte and on the electrode charge density have been taken into account, will be developed. Influence of temperature on the charge transfer kinetics of various heterogeneous reactions of the complex ions will be established. Dependence of the heterogeneous reaction rate constant, formal charge transfer coefficient, activation energy and other parameters on the nanostructural surface roughness of the surface of the Cd and Bi electrodes will be analysed. The new nearly reversible redox systems for the nonaqueous hybride supercapacitors and other electrochemical devices will be tested. |